0.74		0.025		10.63	7.57
	Alpha 21064	21064	Oct-92	200	64	35	cmos	0.68	3	1.7	234	8	8	0		3.3		106.5	200.4			28	32	20	0.14	0.15
		21064A	Jun-94	300		28		0.5	4	2.8	?	16	16	0				201.5	366.5			53	58	19	0.18
	Alpha 21164	21164	Mar-95	300		50				9.67	299	8	8	96				341	513	8.5	12.7	90	96	19	0.30	0.17
			Oct-95	333		?												412	542	9.8	13.4	104	101	17	0.31
		21164A	Jul-96	500		43		0.35			209					2				15	20.4	160	154	16	0.32	0.21
			Mar-97	600		46														18.4	21.3	196	161	13	0.33	0.22
		21164PC	Mar-97	533		36				3.5	138	16	8	0		2.5				14.3	17	152	129	15	0.29	0.26
	Alpha 21264	21264	Jul-98	500		91			6	15.2	314	64	64	0		2.2						311	422	16	0.62	0.29
		21264A	Jun-99	667		73		0.25			225					2.1				40	84	444	577	17	0.67	0.32
		21264B	Feb-01	833		65		0.18			125					1.5				50	100	571	784	19	0.69	0.52
	Alpha 21364 (EV7)		Jan-03	1150		155		0.18	7	152	397	64	64	1536		1.5						877	1482	27	0.76	0.39
	AMD Am486		Mar-93	40	32	3	cmos	0.5	3	0.93	89	8u		0		5								139		0.03
	NexGen Nx586		Mar-94	93		9			5	3.5	165	16	16			4								60		0.05
	AMD K5		Mar-96	90		11			3	4.3	251	16	8			3.5								62		0.04
	AMD K6		Apr-97	233		17		0.35	5	8.8	157	32	32			3.3				6.8	3.8	72	29	34	0.31	0.11
			Apr-98	300		9.5		0.25			68									8.1	4.9	86	37	37	0.29	0.14
	AMD K6-2		May-98	333		11.4				9.3	81					2.4				9.5	6.5	101	49	33	0.30	0.14
			Nov-98	400		13.6														11.4	7.8	121	59	28	0.30	0.17
	AMD K6-III		Feb-99	450		17.1				21.3	135			256						15.3	10.5	163	79	25	0.36	0.13
	AMD K7 (Athlon)		Jun-99	600		45			6	22	184	64	64	0		1.8				27.5	22.2	292	168	19	0.49	0.24
			Nov-99	750		35		0.18		22	102									32.9	26.5	350	201	21	0.47	0.34
	AMD K7 Thunderbird		May-00	1000		49				37	120			256								418	321	15	0.42	0.41
			Jun-01	1400		56																554	458	11	0.40	0.47
	AMD K7 XP Thoroughbred		Jun-02	1800		62		0.13		37.2	85											738	624	12	0.41	0.73
	AMD K7 XP Barton		Feb-03	2160		74				54.3	101	64	64	512							995	869	20	0.46	0.73
	AMD Opteron		Apr- 03	1800	64	89		0.13		105.9	193	64	64	1024		1.55					1170	1219	24	0.65	0.46
	Cyrix 486SLC		Jan-92	33	32	?	cmos	?	?	0.6	108	1 u		0		5
	Cyrix 486DX		Jan-93	100		?		?	?	1.1	196	8 u
	Cyrix 5x86		Jun-95	120		3		0.65	3	2	144	16 u				3.3								36		0.02
	Cyrix M1 (6x86)		Feb-96	120		12			5	3	210	16 u												36		0.06
	Cyrix M2		May-97	188		13		0.35	5	6.5	197	64 u				2.9				5.1	2.7	54	20	42	0.29	0.07
	Via/Cyrix III		Feb-00	450		16		0.18	6	22	76	64 u		256		2.2								34		0.21
	HP PA-7000		Jun-91	66	32	?	cmos	1	2	0.58	196	0	0	0		5		51	82			13	13	42	0.20
	Hitachi harp-1		Jun-94	120		?	bicmos	0.5	4	2.8	267	8	16			3.3		70	120			18	19	46	0.15
	HP PA-7100		Jun-92	100		10	cmos	0.8	3	0.85	202	0	0			5		124	159			33	25	35	0.33	0.05
	HP PA-7150		Jun-94	125		10		0.8		0.85	196							149	201	5.2	4.6	55	35	28	0.44	0.05
	HP PA-7200		Jun-94	120		30		0.55		1.26	210		2			4.4				6.4	9.1	68	69	42	0.57	0.14
	HP PA-7300LC		Sep-96	160		15		0.5		9	259	64	64			3.3				7.8	7.6	83	58	35	0.52	0.06
	HP PA-8000		Jun-96	180	64	40		0.5	4	3.9	345	0	0							11.8	20.2	125	153	31	0.70	0.12
	HP PA-8200		May-97	220		?		0.5	5	3.8	338	0	0							15.5	25	165	189	25	0.75
	HP PA-8500		Sep-98	440		?		0.25		140	467	512	1024			2				31.8	47.2	338	357	25	0.77
	HP PA-8600		Nov-00	552						140	467	512	1024									441	433	20	0.80
	HP PA-8700		May-01	750		?		0.18	7	186	306	768	1536			1.65						603	581	21	0.80
	4004		Nov-71	0.108	4	?	pmos	10	2	0.0023	12	0	0	0	0	5	0.06					0.01		2572	0.11
	8008		Apr-72	0.2	8	?				0.0035	16						0.06					0.01		1389	0.06
	8080		Apr-74	2		?		6		0.006	20						0.64					0.12		231	0.06
	8086		Jun-78	5	16	1.7	nmos	3		0.029	33						0.33					0.06		185	0.01	0.05
			Jul-78	8		1.8											0.66					0.13		116	0.02	0.05
			Aug-78	10		1.8											0.75					0.15		93	0.01	0.05
	8088		Jun-79	8	8	1.8	cmos			0.029							0.75					0.15		116	0.02	0.05
	80286		Feb-82	6	16	?		1.5		0.134	47						0.9					0.18		309	0.03
			Mar-82	10		?											1.5					0.29		185	0.03
			Apr-82	12		?											2.66					0.52		154	0.04
	80386 DX		Oct-85	16	32	1.7				0.275	103						5.5					1.07		116	0.07	0.02
			Feb-87	20		1.3		1			46						6.5					1.27		139	0.06	0.03
			Apr-88	25		1.6											8.5					1.65		111	0.07	0.03
			Apr-89	33		2											11.4	9.4	3			2.47	0.48	84	0.07	0.04
	80486	DX	Apr-89	25		3			3	1.2	81	8 u					20	16.8	7.4			4.41	1.18	111	0.18	0.04
			May-90	33		3.5											27	18.6	8.5			4.88	1.35	84	0.15	0.04
			Jun-91	50		4		0.8			76						41	33.4	14.5			8.77	2.31	69	0.18	0.05
		DX2	Aug-92	66		5.8											54	29.9	18.8			7.85	2.99	53	0.12	0.08
		DX4	Mar-94	100		4.1	bicmos	0.6	4	1.6	87					3.3	70.7	54.59	26.91			14.34	4.28	46	0.14	0.05
	Pentium		Mar-93	66		13		0.8	3	3.2	294	8	8			5	112	77.9	63.6			20.46	10.12	53	0.31	0.04
			Jul-94	100		3.9		0.6	4		148					3.3	166.3			3.3	2.6	35	20	46	0.35	0.03
			Mar-95	120		5.1					91						203			3.7	2.8	39	21	39	0.33	0.06
			Jun-95	133		4.3		0.35		3.3	83						218.9			4	3.5	43	26	60	0.32	0.05
			Jun-96	166		5.4					83									4.8	3.7	51	28	48	0.31	0.07
			Jun-96	200		6.5					83									5.7	4.3	61	33	40	0.30	0.08
		MMX	Jan-97	200		7.3				4.5	140	16	16							6.4	4.8	68	36	40	0.34	0.05
			Jun-97	233		7.9					140									7.1	5.2	76	39	34	0.32	0.06
	Pentium Pro		Nov-95	200		32				5.5	196									8.7	6.8	93	51	40	0.46	0.16
	Pentium II	Klamath	May-97	300		12	cmos			7.5	203					2.8				12	8.5	128	64	26	0.43	0.06
		Deschutes	Jan-98	333		14		0.25	5		118					2				13	9.2	138	70	33	0.42	0.12
		Mendocino	Aug-98	300		12				19	154			128						12	9.2	128	70	37	0.43	0.08
	Pentium III	Katmai	Feb-99	500		19				9.5	128			0						20.7	14.7	220	111	22	0.44	0.15
		Coppermine	Oct-99	733		16		0.18	6	28	106			256		1.65				35.7	30.5	335	244	21	0.46	0.15
		Cascade	Mar-00	1000		22					90					1.7						442	314	31	0.44	0.24
	Pentium 4	Willamette	Nov-00	1500		52				42	217	12	8									536	558	21	0.36	0.24
			Sep-01	2000		57					217											656	714	15	0.33	0.26
	Pentium 4	Northwood	Jan-02	2200		55		0.13		55	145			512		1.5						811	801	19	0.37	0.38
			May-02	2533		59					131											882	861	17	0.35	0.45
			Nov-02	3000		73																1107	1091	14	0.37	0.56
	Itanium	Merced	May-01	800	64	130	0.18	25	300	16	16	96		1.65								370	711	19	0.46	0.43
	Itanium 2	McKinley	Jul-02	1000		130				221	421	16	16	256	3	1.5						810	1178	15	0.81	0.31
	Mips R2000		Jan-86	16	32	3	cmos	2	2	0.11	80	0	0	0		5								87		0.04
	Mips R3000		Jun-88	40		4		1.2		0.12	56							27.9	35.8			7	6	58	0.18	0.07
	Mips R4000		Jun-92	100	64	?		1		1.1	213	8	8					59	61			15	10	28	0.15
	Mips R4400		Jun-92	150		15		0.6	3	2.3	186	16	16			3.3		109	97			29	15	31	0.19	0.08
			May-94	200		?		0.5			148							146	143			38	23	28	0.19
			Jul-95	250		?		0.35			108							180	178			47	28	32	0.19
	Mips R4600		Jun-94	150		3		0.6		1.9	77							114	83			30	13	31	0.20	0.04
	Mips R5000		Jan-96	200		10		0.35		3.6	84	32	32							5.5	5.5	58	42	40	0.29	0.12
	Mips R8000 int		Jun-94	75		?		0.7		2.6	298	16	16											53	0.00
	Mips R8010 fp		Jun-94	75		?				0.8	298													53	0.00
	Mips R10000		Jan-96	200		30		0.35	4	6.8	298	32	32							11.4	19.1	121	145	40	0.61	0.10
	Mips R12000		Nov-98	300		30		0.25		6.9	204									18.4	34.4	196	260	37	0.65	0.15
	Mips R12000A		Jul-00	400				0.18			106											353	407	39	0.88
	Motorola 68000		Sep-79	14	16	?	?			0.068	44					5	0.7					0.14			0.01
	Motorola 68010		Jun-83	14		?	?			0.068	44						1					0.19			0.01
	Motorola 68020		Jun-82	25	32	0.72	cmos	1.5	2	0.19	85	0.25	0	0										74		0.01
	Motorola 68030		Jun-87	50				1.2		0.27	102	0.25	0.25	0										46
	Motorola 68040		Jan-91	33		6		0.8	3	1.2	164	4	4	0				35	25			9	4	105	0.28	0.04
	Motorola 68060		Apr-94	66				0.5		2.4	198	8	8	0		3.3	100					19.47		84	0.30
	601		Apr-93	66	32	6.5	cmos	0.6	4	2.8	121	32 u		0		3.6		40	60			11	10	70	0.16	0.05
	601v		Jun-95	120		5.6		0.5		2.8	121					3.3		105	125			28	20	46	0.23	0.05
	602		Feb-95	66		1.2				1	50	4	4					40	60			11	10	84	0.16	0.02
	603		Sep-93	80		2.2				1.6	83	8	8					75	85			20	14	69	0.25	0.03
	603e		Oct-95	100		3.5				2.6	98	16	16					120	105			32	17	56	0.32	0.04
			May-96	200		5.5		0.35	5	2.6	80					2.5				5.3	4	56	30	40	0.28	0.07
			Apr-97	300		3.5		0.25		2.6	42									7.4	6.1	79	46	37	0.26	0.08
	604		Dec-94	100		14		0.5	4	3.6	197									3.6	3.2	38	24	56	0.38	0.07
	604e		Jul-96	225		14			5	5.1	148	32	32							10.2	7.6	108	58	25	0.48	0.09
			Aug-97	350		8		0.25			47					1.9				14.6	9	155	68	32	0.44	0.17
	620		Jul-95	133	64	30		0.5	4	7	311					3.3		225	300	6	6	64	45	42	0.48	0.10
	630 (Power3)		Oct-98	200		?		0.25	5		270		64			?				13.2	30.1	140	228	56	0.70
	740 (G3)		Aug-97	266	32	8		0.29	5	6.4	67		32			2.6				11.5	6.9	122	52	36	0.46	0.12
	750 (G3)		Oct-98	400		8		0.25	5	6.4	40									19.2	13.1	204	99	28	0.51	0.20
	7400 (G4)		Aug-99	500		6		0.22	6	10.5	83					1.8				21.4	20.4	228	154	25	0.46	0.07
	7450 (G4)		Jul-01	733		23		0.18	6	33	106			256						32.1	23.9	341	181	21	0.47	0.22
	Cypress CY7C601		Jun-90	40	32	3	cmos	0.8	2	0.08	64	0	0	0		5		21.8	22.8			6	4	87	0.14	0.05
	Fuji MicroSparc		Jun-91	50		4			2	?	225	4	2					26.4	21			7	3	69	0.14	0.02
	MicroSparc2		Jun-94	85		?		0.5	3	2.3	233	16	8			3.3		65.3	54.6			17	9	65	0.20
			Jun-95	110		9		0.4		3.1	233							79	65			21	10	63	0.19	0.04
	Sun SuperSparc		Jun-92	60		14.2		0.6			256	20	16			5		89	103			23	16	77	0.39	0.06
	Sun SuperSparc II		Jun-95	90		16					299					3.3		135	147			35	23	51	0.39	0.05
	Ross HyperSparc		Jun-93	72		?		0.8	2	1.2	135	8	0			5		80	105			21	17	48	0.29
			Jun-94	100		?		0.5	3	1.7	327					3.3		112	127			29	20	56	0.29
			Aug-95	150		?		0.4			?							180	245	4.1	4.9	44	37	46	0.29
	HAL Sparc64		Oct-95	118	64	30			4	2.7	297	4	4							5.1	9.5	54	72	59	0.46	0.10
	Sun UltraSparc I		Nov-95	200		30				5.2	265	16	16					322	462	7.8	11.4	83	86	35	0.41	0.11
	Fujitsu TurboSparc		Sep-96	170		7		0.35		3	132							256	330	3.5	3	37	23	47	0.22	0.05
	Sun UltraSparc II		Jan-97	250		25			5	5.4	149					2.6				10.4	15	111	114	32	0.44	0.17
			May-98	360		?														16.1	23.5	171	178	22	0.48
			May-99	450		21		0.25			126					1.9				19.6	27.1	208	205	25	0.46	0.17
	Fujitsu Sparc64 GP		Apr-99	272		50		0.4	4	2.7	240	4	4			3.3				17.6	27.1	187	205	26	0.69	0.21
	Sun UltraSparc III		Sep-00	900		70		0.18	7	29	210	64	32			1.7						467	482	17	0.52	0.33
	Sun UltraSparc III Cu		Apr-02	1050		72				29	210					1.6						610	827	15	0.58	0.34
	Zylog Z80		Jul-76	2.5	8	0.8	nmos	?	2	0.0085	18	0	0	0		5										0.04

Stanford University VLSI group

Francois Labonte flabonte@stanford.edu

Last Updated 04/23/2003

Notes:

1. The Spec2000 numbers were interpolated for older architectures by using the average of the ratios of performance metrics which were available for certain architectures
2. A fan out of 4 is the time taken for one inverter driving 4 equal size inverters is approximated by 360ps/um of effective gate length (feature size).